Epidemiology and risk factors for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: insights from leading centres in the i-RegVeD registry, India

The I-RegVeD registry was established to study the clinical, epidemiological, laboratory, and outcome characteristics of VTE, along with its manifestations and associated risk factors, in selected hospitals across India. As of March 31, a total of 3,384 participants had been enrolled across 13 participating sites in India, of whom 2,427 had completed follow-up. The largest site wise contributions were from BMCRI (15.2%), JIPMER (14.4%), RGGH (12.9%), and PGIMER (11.8%). Together, these four sites contributed 54.3% of the total enrolled participants. The mean age of participants was 44.9 years, with male predominance, as males constituted 58.2% of the study population. Age-wise distribution showed that VTE was most commonly observed in the 41–50 years age group (21.0%), followed by 31–40 years (20.2%) and >60 years (20.1%). The lowest occurrence was observed among children aged ≤10 years (1.8%). DVT and related thrombosis was the most common clinical presentation, accounting for 52.1% of cases, followed by DVT with PTE/PTE-related thrombosis (18.1%), cerebrovascular-related thrombosis (17.1%), GI tract–related thrombosis (12.7%), and respiratory thrombosis (11.8%). Most participants were discharged following treatment, with a discharge rate of 94.9% among those with available outcome data, while mortality was reported in 5.1% of cases. Study identifies hospital interventions, complications, alcohol use, long-haul travel, and comorbidities as major predictors of PTE and other organ-related VTE. This study provides real-world evidence on VTE epidemiology and management in India, revealing demographic and clinical patterns distinct from Western populations and highlighting the need for region-specific guidelines and targeted public health strategies.