Factors Related to COVID-19 Stigma: A Mixed Methods Study

The study titled “Factors Related to COVID-19 Stigma: A Mixed-Methods Study” was conducted by ICMR-NIRDH from July 2020 to May 2021 to examine the prevalence, determinants, and experiences of COVID-19-related stigma among community members and recovered COVID-19 patients in India. The study was carried out across seven states representing different regions of the country, namely Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative in-depth interviews to gain a comprehensive understanding of stigma and its underlying causes. The quantitative component included 2,281 participants, while 221 participants were interviewed qualitatively. Participants aged 18 years and above were selected using systematic random sampling techniques, and data were collected primarily through telephonic interviews during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings revealed that recovered COVID-19 patients frequently experienced stigma and discriminatory attitudes within their communities. The study highlighted the need for targeted awareness campaigns to address misconceptions related to COVID-19 transmission and prevention. It also emphasized the role of print, visual, and social media in disseminating accurate information and reducing stigma. Furthermore, the study recommended psychosocial support and counselling services for quarantined, infected, and recovered individuals to improve coping and community acceptance. Overall, the research provides important evidence for developing public health interventions and policies aimed at reducing COVID-19-related stigma and promoting a more supportive and inclusive social environment.